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Article: 00083937

Floater furnace / heat treatment / melting / electric

In brief, the Electroslag Remelting process involves the gradual melting of the lower end of a cast or forged electrode through a layer of molten slag into a water-cooled copper mold.

The slag which is usually calcium fluoride, with addition of lime, magnesia, alumina and other oxides, serves several functions. In its molten state, it is electrically conductive, acting somewhat like a resistance heating element when a high current is passed between the electrode and the mold. The slag becomes superheated with the continued passage of electric current, causing the electrode tip immersed in it to become molten. Any inclusions in this molten metal are dissolved by and become part of the slag, leaving a purified metal to pass as droplets through the slag layer into the bottom of the mold.

After the process has continued for some time, a purified ingot having a controlled solidification structure is built up in the mold. The slag, which also acts to prevent oxidation of the molten metal in the usual case of operation in air atmosphere, floats on top of the liquid metal at the top of the ingot due to its relatively low density.

Towards the end of the process, the power is gradually reduced. This reduces the volume of liquid metal on top of the ingot. At the same time, additional metal is added from the electrode at a reduced rate to compensate for solidification shrinkage. The result is a sound ingot top with a high yield of useful product.

Specifications

  • Type: floater
  • Function: heat treatment, melting
  • Heat source: electric
  • Atmosphere: controlled atmosphere

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